My thoughts on the Spence penalty. I'd like to think I'm impartial on this. Protecting/Shielding the ball is one way of looking at it, the other way is tripping an opponent. Most descriptions given here can also be used for id Spence attempted to trip the Norway player. I really can't give a good description of how I would differentiate between the two but in this cas had the Norway player had fallen over instead of Spence, it would have been a clear trip.
one of the bigger considerations is the position of the two players in relation to each other and the ball. In this case they are more or less side by side and equal distance to the ball.
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Another point I would make is that had the Norway player brought his leg across the same way as Spence did, most on this forum would have still wanted a penalty.
Obviously the other consideration is who had posession of the ball immeduately prior and I guess that is why the ref gave a penalty.