Turns out I'm too late. Here's what I would have entered had I been more on the ball:
First, I've already confirmed with my AR that there was no foul (because 1) he didn't signal for a foul and 2) he has signaled accordingly for a goal). In this case I'll have signaled for a goal by pointing back towards centre and begin to quickly make my way back to my restart position. If the yellow player in question decides to follow me back to my restart position (it won't take more than a few steps to figure this out), he will be booked for Dissent by Word or Action. If he decides to stand in his place, have a short emotional outburst and then move on, no further action is necessary. A quick thumbs up to my AR who was just recently active to make sure that he is ready to carry on (and that nothing has been noted after the goal that would require my attention) and I will get the game rolling. To me, the critical question is getting the game restarted quickly -- the yellow player will then have very little choice but to focus on what's immediately going on (active play) instead of what just happened so that's my goal here.
What could happen next? The yellow player in question could be overly-aggressive in tackles as a result of frustration. If that is the case, I will be careful to take a firm approach in deciding fouls (so as to protect the other players and make sure to be clear to him that he is not going to get to have a little strop for free) and, in the case that it is a careless challenge in question, I will speak to the player to inform him that it's not going to be acceptable to behave in this way and quickly get out of earshot so as not to invite a conversation with him. If it is reckless, I shall take the necessary course of action and, equally, if it is done with excessive force the player shall be sent off.